Tambora from the International Space Station| MAG | UTC DATE-TIME y/m/d h:m:s | LAT deg | LON deg | DEPTH km | Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAP | 6.7 | 2009/11/08 19:41:45 | -8.316 | 118.697 | 18.3 | SUMBAWA REGION, INDONESIA |
| Magnitude | 6.7 |
|---|---|
| Date-Time |
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| Location | 8.316°S, 118.697°E |
| Depth | 18.3 km (11.4 miles) (poorly constrained) |
| Region | SUMBAWA REGION, INDONESIA |
| Distances | 15 km (10 miles) NNW of Raba, Sumbawa, Indonesia 310 km (190 miles) ENE of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia 330 km (205 miles) W of Ende, Flores, Indonesia 1335 km (830 miles) E of JAKARTA, Java, Indonesia |
Sumbawa lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire. It is a volcanic island, including Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) which exploded in 1815, the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history (roughly four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma ejected). The eruption killed as many as 72,000. It also apparently destroyed a small culture of Southeast Asian affinity, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. It launched 100 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere, which caused 1816 to be the "year without a summer."
http://hisz.rsoe.hu/alertmap/read/index.php?pageid=seism_read&rid=161369
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Mount Tambora (or Tomboro) is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on the Sumbawa islands, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. This raised Mount Tambora as high as 4,300 m (14,000 ft),[2] making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago, and drained off a large magma chamber inside the mountain. It took decades to refill the magma chamber, its volcanic activity reaching its peak in April 1815.[3]
Tambora erupted in 1815 with a rating of seven on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, making it the largest eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in about 180 CE.[4] It was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The explosion was heard on Sumatra island (more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi) away). Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout ruined agricultural productivity in the local region. The death toll was at least 71,000 people (perhaps the most deadly eruption in history), of whom 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption;[4] the often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be an overestimate.[5] The eruption created global climate anomalies; 1816 became known as the Year Without Summer because of the effect on North American and European weather. Agricultural crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century.[4]
